It sounds like you’ve got a bad font. It’s a pain to troubleshoot, but you need "divide and conquer" to try and find the bad font. That is, set up a folder and move half of your fonts out of the Fonts folder and into it, with exception of required system fonts. See if PS starts up. If the same error occurs, move another half of your fonts out of the Fonts folder. As long as PS keeps failing startup, repeat that process. One it does start up correctly, look at the last group of fonts you moved and move half of them back into the Fonts folder…or, if the number of fonts in that group is small, then just move one or two fonts at at time. See if PS starts up. If yes, repeat that last font moving process. And so on and so forth. Once you restore a few fonts that result in PS not starting, you can zero in and find the bad font. Hopefully you get the idea from this, as I’ve not spelled out all the exact steps.
Regards,
Daryl