As explained in your manual, ColorTable only shows the color table for indexed color mode.
JPEG doesn’t support indexed color mode, only RGB, CMYK and Grayscale.
Because it would be tough to fit 16.7 million color squares onto the workspace!
Mac
I understand that, though why couldn’t it display the colors in the .jpg? Though there would be lots of colors.
The primary use for showing the GIF colors is because you can map any of them to be transparent.
JPEG doesn’t support that.
And even if it could, number of color patches *would* be a problem. Even what may appear as a fairly uniform body of sky or water will have several thousand unique colors.
Mac